Methods:
An area of the Douglas Lake Littoral zone will be marked off and all macrophytes within that area will be removed by clipping the plants. Macrophytes will be identified and weighed (dry weight). This area will be maintained plantless throughout the growing season. We will take short sediment cores both within and adjacent to the removal zone to determine changes in benthic algae (both in biomass and community composition). We will also determine the algal epiphytes typically found on nearby macrophytes.