Plot

• Label: Plot
• Definition: Plot number
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Type

• Label: Landscape Ecosystem Type
• Definition: Landscape Ecosystem Type, from Pearsall 1995
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Phygsys

• Label: Physiographic system
• Definition: Physiographic system (outwash plain, moraine, ice-contact terrain)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Landform

• Label: Landform
• Definition: Landform- more specific description of landform plot occurs on, summarized from Pearsall 1995
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Aspect

• Label: Aspect
• Definition: Compass direction (0-359) plot faces, if located on a slope
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Slopepct

• Label: Slope percent
• Definition: Steepness of slope, in percent (rise / run)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Elev_m

• Label: Elevation
• Definition: Elevation in meters (estimated from topo map)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Drainage

• Label: Drainage class
• Definition: Drainage class of observation
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Texture

• Label: Soil Texture
• Definition: Soil texture: A slash indicates a change in texture with increasing depth; texture at 10 cm is listed first, followed by texture at 150 cm.
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Horizon_10cm

• Label: Soil horizon at 10 centimeters
• Definition: Soil horizon from which 10 cm sample was taken
• Type: Code list
• Codes:
  • E = Master horizon E, a mineral horizon in which the main feature is the eluvial loss of organic matter, silicate clay, iron, and aluminum
  • C = Master horizon C, a mineral horizon that is little affected by pedogenic processes (i.e., not differentiated from parent material) and thus lacks properties of O, A, V, E, B, and L horizons.
  • 2C = C horizon that is present in a second sequum, underlying the first, which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS this is often manifest as a dense till C horizon that is present well beneath a sandy outwash C horizon.
  • BC = An intimate combination of both B and C horizons. At UMBS, common examples are deep, sandy horizons, occurring below the spodic (Bs) horizons, which exhibit little, but noticeable pedogenic differentiation from C horizons.
  • A = Master horizon A, an organic-matter-rich mineral horizon that formed at the soil surface or below an O horizon. These horizons can occasionally be buried, e.g., by mass wasting, but are still A horizons.
  • 5C = C horizon that is present in a fifth sequum, underlying the first through fourth, each of which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS these deeper soils with multiple lithologic discontinuities (parent materials) are interpreted as different depositional periods of glacial sediment, e.g., sandy outwash over gravelly outwash over loamy outwash over fine sandy outwash over till, etc.
  • O = Master horizon O, dominated by organic soil materials. Some are saturated with water for long periods; some were once saturated but are now artificially drained; and others have never been saturated
  • BS2 = Master horizon B, a mineral horizon in which the main feature is an illuviation (accumulation) of organic matter, iron, aluminum, and/or clay. In this case this is the third B horizon, and is differentiated from those above (the B1 and B2) by differences in color and texture, which presumably represent differences in the accumulations of illuvial materials.
  • BS1 = Master horizon B, with the s indicating "spodic." Spodic materials are the complexes of organic matter, aluminum, and iron that are eluviated from above and illuviated in this horizon, which is the second of two Bs horizons. Typically the Bs2 has less intense color than the Bs1, indicating a lower concentration of organic matter, iron and aluminum.
  • B2 = Master horizon B, a mineral horizon in which the main feature is an illuviation (accumulation) of organic matter, iron, aluminum, and/or clay. In this case this is the second B horizon, and is differentiated from that above (the B1) by difference in color and texture, which presumably represent differences in the accumulations of illuvial materials.
  • C2 = Master horizon C, a mineral horizon that is little affected by pedogenic processes (i.e., not differentiated from parent material). In this case this is the second C horizon (though still part of the same parent material as the entire profile above), recognized as distinct from the overlying C horizon and any underlying C horizons (e.g., C3) by a difference in texture or color.
  • EB = A intimate combination of E and B horizons, which may be mixed due to recent or historic physical disturbance (e.g., treethrow), or representing simultaneous eluviation and illuviation (e.g., of clay minerals) happening in close association as water moves laterally through the profile.
  • AB = A mixture of A and E horizons, typically formed at UMBS through mixing by (non-native) earthworms that churn and combine the otherwise clearly distinct A (organic-rich) and E (organic-depleted) horizons. Sometimes colloquially noted in Landscape Ecosystems plot data sheets as a "salt and pepper E (S+P E)."
  • C3 = Master horizon C, a mineral horizon that is little affected by pedogenic processes (i.e., not differentiated from parent material). In this case this is the third C horizon (though still part of the same parent material as the entire profile above), recognized as distinct from the overlying C horizons by a difference in texture or color.
  • 4C = C horizon that is present in a fourth sequum, underlying the first through third, each of which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS these deeper soils with multiple lithologic discontinuities (parent materials) are interpreted as different depositional periods of glacial sediment, e.g., sandy outwash over gravelly outwash over loamy outwash over fine sandy outwash over till, etc.
  • 3C = C horizon that is present in a third sequum, underlying the first and second, each of which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS these deeper soils with multiple lithologic discontinuities (parent materials) are interpreted as different depositional periods of glacial sediment, e.g., sandy outwash over gravelly outwash over loamy outwash over fine sandy outwash over till, etc.
  • NA = Horizon Unknown
• Missing values: None specified

,
Clay_10cm

• Label: Clay at 10 centimeters
• Definition: Clay at 10 cm (% of soil)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Silt_10cm

• Label: Silt at 10 centimeters
• Definition: Silt at 10 cm (% of soil)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Sand_10cm

• Label: Sand at 10 centimeters
• Definition: Sand at 10 cm (%)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
PH_10cm

• Label: pH at 10 centimeters
• Definition: pH of soil at 10 cm
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Pebbles_10cm

• Label: Pebbles at 10 centimeters
• Definition: Pebbles at 10 cm (% of total soil volume)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Cobbles_10cm

• Label: Cobbles at 10 centimetres
• Definition: Cobbles at 10 cm (% of total soil volume)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Horizon_150cm

• Label: Soil horizon at 150 centimeters
• Definition: Soil horizon from which 150 cm sample was taken
• Type: Code list
• Codes:
  • E = Master horizon E, a mineral horizon in which the main feature is the eluvial loss of organic matter, silicate clay, iron, and aluminum
  • C = Master horizon C, a mineral horizon that is little affected by pedogenic processes (i.e., not differentiated from parent material) and thus lacks properties of O, A, V, E, B, and L horizons.
  • 2C = C horizon that is present in a second sequum, underlying the first, which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS this is often manifest as a dense till C horizon that is present well beneath a sandy outwash C horizon.
  • BC = An intimate combination of both B and C horizons. At UMBS, common examples are deep, sandy horizons, occurring below the spodic (Bs) horizons, which exhibit little, but noticeable pedogenic differentiation from C horizons.
  • A = Master horizon A, an organic-matter-rich mineral horizon that formed at the soil surface or below an O horizon. These horizons can occasionally be buried, e.g., by mass wasting, but are still A horizons.
  • 5C = C horizon that is present in a fifth sequum, underlying the first through fourth, each of which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS these deeper soils with multiple lithologic discontinuities (parent materials) are interpreted as different depositional periods of glacial sediment, e.g., sandy outwash over gravelly outwash over loamy outwash over fine sandy outwash over till, etc.
  • O = Master horizon O, dominated by organic soil materials. Some are saturated with water for long periods; some were once saturated but are now artificially drained; and others have never been saturated
  • BS2 = Master horizon B, a mineral horizon in which the main feature is an illuviation (accumulation) of organic matter, iron, aluminum, and/or clay. In this case this is the third B horizon, and is differentiated from those above (the B1 and B2) by differences in color and texture, which presumably represent differences in the accumulations of illuvial materials.
  • BS1 = Master horizon B, with the s indicating "spodic." Spodic materials are the complexes of organic matter, aluminum, and iron that are eluviated from above and illuviated in this horizon, which is the second of two Bs horizons. Typically the Bs2 has less intense color than the Bs1, indicating a lower concentration of organic matter, iron and aluminum.
  • B2 = Master horizon B, a mineral horizon in which the main feature is an illuviation (accumulation) of organic matter, iron, aluminum, and/or clay. In this case this is the second B horizon, and is differentiated from that above (the B1) by difference in color and texture, which presumably represent differences in the accumulations of illuvial materials.
  • C2 = Master horizon C, a mineral horizon that is little affected by pedogenic processes (i.e., not differentiated from parent material). In this case this is the second C horizon (though still part of the same parent material as the entire profile above), recognized as distinct from the overlying C horizon and any underlying C horizons (e.g., C3) by a difference in texture or color.
  • EB = A intimate combination of E and B horizons, which may be mixed due to recent or historic physical disturbance (e.g., treethrow), or representing simultaneous eluviation and illuviation (e.g., of clay minerals) happening in close association as water moves laterally through the profile.
  • AB = A mixture of A and E horizons, typically formed at UMBS through mixing by (non-native) earthworms that churn and combine the otherwise clearly distinct A (organic-rich) and E (organic-depleted) horizons. Sometimes colloquially noted in Landscape Ecosystems plot data sheets as a "salt and pepper E (S+P E)."
  • C3 = Master horizon C, a mineral horizon that is little affected by pedogenic processes (i.e., not differentiated from parent material). In this case this is the third C horizon (though still part of the same parent material as the entire profile above), recognized as distinct from the overlying C horizons by a difference in texture or color.
  • 4C = C horizon that is present in a fourth sequum, underlying the first through third, each of which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS these deeper soils with multiple lithologic discontinuities (parent materials) are interpreted as different depositional periods of glacial sediment, e.g., sandy outwash over gravelly outwash over loamy outwash over fine sandy outwash over till, etc.
  • 3C = C horizon that is present in a third sequum, underlying the first and second, each of which constitutes a fundamentally different parent material. At UMBS these deeper soils with multiple lithologic discontinuities (parent materials) are interpreted as different depositional periods of glacial sediment, e.g., sandy outwash over gravelly outwash over loamy outwash over fine sandy outwash over till, etc.
  • NA = Horizon Unknown
• Missing values: None specified

,
Clay_150cm

• Label: Clay at 150 centimeters
• Definition: Clay at 150 cm (% of soil )
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Silt_150cm

• Label: Silt at 150 centimeters
• Definition: Silt at 150 cm (% of soil)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Sand_150cm

• Label: Sand at 150 centimeters
• Definition: Sand at 150 cm (% of soil)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
PH_150cm

• Label: pH at 150 centimeters
• Definition: pH of soil at 150 cm
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Pebbles_150cm

• Label: Pebbles at 150 centimeters
• Definition: Pebbles at 150 cm (% of total soil volume)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Cobbles_150cm

• Label: Cobbles at 150 centimeters
• Definition: Cobbles at 150 cm (% of total soil volume)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Oi_cm

• Label: Oi depth
• Definition: Depth of organic matter layer Oi (cm)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Oe_cm

• Label: Oe depth
• Definition: Depth of organic matter layer Oe (cm)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Oa_cm

• Label: Oa depth
• Definition: Depth of organic matter layer Oa (cm)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
OM_total

• Label: Organic Matter depth
• Definition: Total depth of organic matter (cm)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
Year_last_sampled

• Label: Year last sampled
• Definition: Most recent year the vegetation was sampled; vegetation data corresponds with this year
• Type: Date/time
• Date format: YYYY
• Missing values: None specified

,
Size

• Label: Size of Plot
• Definition: Size of the plot in length x width format, measured in meters
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
DOS_tree1

• Label: Dominant overstory (highest)
• Definition: Tree species with the highest relative dominance in the dominant overstory (19.6 cm dbh and above)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
DOS_tree2

• Label: Dominant overstory (second highest)
• Definition: Tree species with the second highest relative dominance in the dominant overstory (19.6 cm dbh and above)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
SOS_tree1

• Label: Subdominant overstory (highest)
• Definition: Tree species with the highest relative dominance in the subdominant overstory (9.1 to 19.5 cm dbh)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified

,
SOS_tree2

• Label: Subdominant overstory (second highest)
• Definition: Tree species with the second highest relative dominance in the subdominant overstory (9.1 to 19.5 cm dbh)
• Type: Nominal
• Missing values: None specified