Fish and larval amphibian communities will be monitored at the treatment wetlands three to four times throughout the growing season (spring through early fall) using two to four minnow traps and larval fish light traps per site. During each sampling period, nets and traps (net size and type will depend on the range of water depths at the site) will be set in four treatment plots at each treatment wetland over one to three nights. Fish and larval amphibians will be identified to species and enumerated. We will sample aquatic macroinvertebrates (>0.5mm) and amphibian larvae using 0.5-mm mesh, Dframe dip nets. Macroinvertebrate samples will be collected in late July-early August, when emergent plants typically reach maximum annual biomass and late instars of most aquatic insects are present and easy to identify. Larval amphibians will be sampled three to four times from early spring to summer. Where standing water is present, we will collect at least four replicates per plot that will consist of dip net sweeps at the water surface, mid-depth, and at the substrate surface. In the field, we will empty nets into white pans and pick macroinvertebrates and amphibians. In the laboratory, organisms will be sorted into the finest taxonomic class possible and richness and abundance metrics will be estimated. During fish and macroinvertebrate sampling, we will also measure basic water quality parameters in order to relate taxa richness and abundance with abiotic conditions. These parameters include: water depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, pH, conductivity, total N, total P, nitrate-N, ammonium-N, soluble reactive phosphorus, and chlorophyll a. We will evaluate substrate characteristics visually.